spatial-statistics

Always invoke before testing a geographic pattern for clustering, hotspots, dependence, or explanatory regression, even when aggregation or ordinary OLS is proposed as routine. Covers Moran's I, LISA, Getis-Ord Gi*, weights, MAUP and scale sensitivity for areas/grids, residual dependence, and spatial lag/error/GWR/MGWR models. Use ML standards for predictive evaluation and geostatistics for continuous surfaces from…